除了寻找正确答案以外，有时需要避免选项中的陷阱。所以今天总结干扰选项的特征。

 一、例证题

干扰选项特征：就事论事（以例子本身的细节为答案）

例如，

Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.(2003-4)

The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that.

[A] medical resources are often wasted

[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases

[C] some treatments are too aggressive

[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable

问题对应二段倒数第二句。这个例子就是说明前一句的：由于有第三方为我们支付医疗费用，我们便要求医生为我们做所能做的一切事情，即使这么做毫无用处。二段末句进一步指出医生为了不让病人失望，经常采取一些过激的（aggressive）、缺乏科学根据的治疗方法。由于治疗结果不理想，自然造成医疗资源的浪费。A选项符合此意，为正确答案。B选项和C选项都就事论事，即都是例子本身的细节，不是例子要说明的内容。D“医疗费用越来越难以承担”在原文没有提到。

 二、推理题

干扰选项特征：推得过远（所得出的结论经过多步推理产生，无原文依据）

例如，